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A Changing Columbia Basin (ORESU-G-98-007)

Figure 1

Graph showing changes in Columbia Basin human and salmon populations from 1770 to (projected) 2010. Figures are as follows

• circa 1770, est. 100,000 people (all native American), 8.2 million fish
• 1940, 3.4 million people, 3.8 million fish
• 1996 9.6 million people, 1.25 million fish
• 2010 (estimated), 12.4 million people, fish population - ?

Figure 2

Map of Columbia River Basin showing locations of major tribal fisheries circa 1770, at Willamette Falls, Cascades of the Columbia and Celilo Falls. Legend: "Major tribal fisheries. Smaller fisheries existed throughout the Columbia Basin."

Figure 3

Map of Columbia River Basin showing fisheries and other human activities affecting salmon mortality, circa 1940, including:

• Pacific Ocean troll fisheries at the mouth of the Columbia
• Lower river commercial fishery
• Portland
• Sport fishery at Willamette Falls
• Willamette Falls Dam (increases salmon passage)
• The Bonneville Dam
• Cascades of the Columbia inundated by Bonneville Dam
• Celilo Falls
• Rock Island Dam
• Mining
• Ranching
• Logging
• Farming

Figure 4

Map of Columbia River Basin showing fisheries and other human activities affecting salmon mortality, circa 1998, including:

• British Columbia and Alaskan troll fisheries
• Buoy 10 sport fishery
• Lower Columbia commercial fishery
• Bonneville Dam
• Tribal set-net fishery
• The Dalles Dam
• Celilo Falls inundated by The Dalles Dam
• John Day Dam
• McNary Dam
• Ice Harbor Dam
• Lower Monumental Dam
• Little Goose Dam
• Lower Granite Dam
• Hells Canyon Dam (impassable to salmon)
• Oxbow Dam
• Brownlee Dam
• Priest Rapids Dam
• Wanapum Dam
• Rock Island Dam
• Rocky Reach Dam
• Wells Dam
• Chief Joseph Dam (impassable to salmon)
• Agriculture, mining, logging, ranching

Legend:

White dam icon = "Major Columbia main-stem dams. There are more than 1000 smaller dams in the Columbia Basin."

Blue dam icon = "Dams that completely block salmon passage."

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