STEM Learning through Tsunamis and Invasive Species SMILE and WISE (Watershed and Invasive Species Education) Slide 1:Teacher Training Workshop Module: Sam Chan, Jennifer Lam and Tania Siemens Oregon State University Oregon Sea Grant Corvallis, Oregon, USA samuel.chan@oregonstate.edu, lamj@onid.orst.edu,tania.siemens@oregonstate.edu (Photo of structure being towed out of the water) Slide 2: "Preparing for tsunamis is a essential aspect of life on the coast. Debris from the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami is bringing debris to the coast of North America. Significcant amounts of debris are expected to circulate in ocean currents through at least 2016. The effects of this debris will last well beyond 2016. Beaches along the entire west coast of north America and Pacific islands have signs addressing tsunami debris". (Photos of Tsunami Evacuation Route directional sign and Tsunami Debris Watch poster with directions to "Find it, bag it, and leave it") Slide 3: Human Dimensions in the Context of Tsunami Science -Japanese Tsunami Caught on Camera (Journalistic Documentary): http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=oArd_9uZOnE -Japanese amateur youtube video of 3/11/11 tsunami. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Cys8581RSXE -Beach wave scene from movie “Grease”. --How are the waves on beach scenne different from a tsunami wave? http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=kjYC-vAP_nE Slide 4: NOAA Videos on 2011 Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris and AIS: (photo of ship stuck inland due to tsunami) -NOAA Tsunami marine debris intro: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=4ulCmVXurFU http://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play;_ylt=A0S00MhXwkNRTlwATNv7w8QF;_ylu=X3oDMTBrc3VyamVwBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDdmlkBHZ0aWQD?p=video+on+tsunami+invasive+species&vid=494e3fdd74f59f48c3ebff0542567640&l=1%3A47&turl=http%3A%2F%2Fts2.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DV.4803286164963533%26pid%3D15.1&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FVideo%2FplayerIndex%3Fid%3D16533673&tit=Japan%26%2339%3Bs+Tsunami+Debris+Carrying+Invasive+Species&c=0&sigr=11jtokdfd&age=0&&tt=b Slide 5: (poster of "Magnitudes of Recent Earthquakes" and the effects of increasing seismic energy) -Each whole number increase in the scale represents 10X the amplitude and 31X the energy released! -The shifting of the earth's crust in a 9.0 or stronger earthquake -- like the one in Japan and the Good Friday quake in Alaska in 1964 -- propels waves across the ocean, driving currents into rivers and harbors and packing a punch. -"They don't need to be 10 or 20 foot waves to cause damage," said Vicki McConnell," Oregon's state geologist. "Four to 6 feet in the right land formation situation can wreak a lot of havoc." When a powerful earthquake hits off the coastline along the Cascadia fault, people will have 20 minutes to flee. If you are knocked to the ground and it lasts two to three minutes, don't wait for somebody to tell you it's the big one, McCraw said. "You need to get to 50 feet elevation." Warnings from another report Ill-prepared Oregon overdue for a mega-quake ... -"But geologists warn that 60 miles (100 kilometers) into the grayish water lies the Cascadia fault, which generates earthquakes as powerful as Japan's 9.0 tremor around every 240 years. And the last one was 311 years ago. Slide 6:-A “Ring of Fire,” a zone of active earthquakes and volcanoes, surrounds much of the Pacific Ocean. Volcanoes and earthquakes are caused by the movements of tectonic plates, huge plates of rock that make up the shell of the earth. One type of movement is called subduction — when thin, oceanic plates such as those that compose the rock beneath the Pacific Ocean sink beneath thicker, lighter plates that make up continental plates. GOGAMI Winter 2012 Newsletter -Most Tsunamis have occurred in a ring of fire (Map of world showing percentages of worldwide tsunami locations and 59% are in the ring of fire) Slide 7: Similar Tectonics for the PNW and Northern Japan -(Maps showing the subduction zone offshore Japan and the subduction zone offshore Oregon, both have a rupture zone between the subduction zone and continental plate) -Tsunamis occur on the west Coast. Goldfinger et al 2012 predict a 40% chance of a 9.0 or greater earthquake in the PNW. For 8.0 and above the chances are over 60% Slide 8: (Sequential images of a continental plate boundary experiencing a disturbance and earthquake, which causes a tsunami through propagation and coastal flooding) (Photo of NOAA Tsunami buoy bobbing in turbulent water) -As tectonic plates shift and sink disturbance propagate high speed waves that hit the coast. Slide 9: Tsunami wave height prediction -A NOAA model (right) shows the maximum tsunami wave height predicted for 24 hours of wave propagation after the March 11, 2011 Tōhoku earthquake. Contours show computed tsunami arrival time. Triangles are tide gauges. Source: NOAA Center for Tsunami Research: http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/ honshu20110311 Slide 10: Impacts of March 11, 2011 Japanese Tsunami on Port of Brookings, OR -See 3/11/11 video recorded by Steve Rumerill’s team on Japanese tsunami generated waves in Charleston, Oregon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfNvtKvpoEg Slide 11: Tōhoku tsunami measurements in Oregon (Image displays the effects of the Tōhoku tsunami on the Oregon coastal communities) Slide 12: The Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 1700 A.D. (Poster describing the events of the incident that occurred on the Pacific coast) Slide 13: It can happen here! Tsunamis are a phenomena on both sides of the Pacific. The last major tsunami off the Oregon Coast occurred in 1700. (Map of Tsunami effects in Port Alberni. 28 March 1964) (Images of houses that were destroyed due to tsunami damage) Slide 14: Great Wave off Kanaga. 1820 Japan Slide 15: History and science go hand in hand! The Japanese in Jan 1700 recorded tsunami waves impacting their coast from a massive earthquake generated off the Cascadia subduction zone off of Oregon. These records are indicated in ocean sediment cores and further evidence from historical records in Japan. http:/www.pgc.nrcan.gc.ca/press/satak JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. B11, 2535, doi:10.1029/2003JB002521, 2003e_etal.pdf. Fault slip and seismic moment of the 1700 Cascadia earthquake inferred from Japanese tsunami descriptions Kenji Satake Active Fault Research Center, Geological Survey of Japan/AIST, Tsukuba, Japan Slide 16: How far the Japanese tsunami debris has spread (map of Pacific Ocean that displays debris distribution) video- http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Xk1S04JnRq8 Slide 17: In this April 21, 2012 photo released by The Baxters via Kyodo News, David and Yumi Baxter hold a soccer ball and a volleyball which David found, at their house in the suburbs of Anchorage, Alaska. Kyodo News agency says the teenage owner of the soccer ball that apparently floated across the Pacific Ocean after last year's tsunami is surprised and thankful the ball - which had his name written on it - was found in Alaska. (AP Slide 18: rust-encrusted Harley-Davidson motorcycle, shown in this undated handout photo by Peter Mark, made buoyant by the sea container in which it was stored, washed up on an island off the coast of British Columbia after it was lost in last year's tsunami in Japan, about 6,400 kilometres away. (AP Photo/CBC-Peter Mark, The Canadian Press Slide 19: Derelict Ship from Tsunami in Gulf of Alaska -In this photo provided by the U.S. Coast Guard, a plume of smoke rises from a derelict Japanese ship after it was hit by canon fire by a U.S. Coast Guard cutter on Thursday, April 5, 2012, in the Gulf of Alaska. The Coast Guard decided to sink the ship dislodged by last year's tsunami because it was a threat to maritime traffic and could have an environmental impact if it grounded. (AP Photo/U.S. Coast Guard, Petty Officer 2nd Class Charly Hengen) -In a photo provided by the U.S. Coast Guard the unmanned Japanese fishing vessel Ryou-un Maru dirfts northwest in the Gulf of Alaska approximately 164 miles southwest of Baranof Island Wednesday April 4, 2012. The vessel has been adrift since it was launched by the tsunami caused by the magnitude-9.0 earthquake that struck Japan last year. The Coast Guard is monitoring the vessel, which is currently… Slide 20:-In this June 6, 2012 photo provided by Ryan Pallister, Patrick Chandler removes tsunami debris on Montague Island near Seward, Alaska. More than a year after a tsunami devastated Japan, killing thousands of people and washing millions of tons of debris into the Pacific Ocean, neither the U.S. government nor some West Coast states have a clear plan for how to clean up the rubble. Slide 21: HAZMAT items that can be found with Japanese tsunami debris. See the complete Tsunami HAZMAT guide produced by the Japanese Government (photos of various hazardous materials and labels) Slide 22: Typical marine debris with common non-invasive pelagic gooseneck barnacles. Common, abundant to both sides of the Pacific and not an invasive concern -This type of debris with pelagic gooseneck barnacles are ubiquitous on both sides of the Pacific and not a concern. Upper Picture: Val Bouey, of White Rock, British Columbia, stoops to observe and photograph the gooseneck barnacles growing on an approximately 7-foot buoy found on Sunset Beach in Warrenton, Ore. on Monday, June 11, 2012. (AP Photo/The Daily Astorian, Alex Pajunas) -Side picture: Bobby Custard, of Phoenix, Ariz., in orange, watches as his children Jillian, left, 6, and Tyler, 4, investigate the aquatic life growing on the base of the fishing bin that washed up on Sunset Beach in Warrenton, Ore. on Monday, June 11, 2012. Custard was also joined on the beach by his girlfriend Sarah Neverdal, top right, of Butte, Mont., and his mother Betsy Custard, of Prescott, Ariz. The bin, with Japanese writing on it, is believed to be among the debris washing up following the March 2011 tsunami. (AP Photo/The Daily Astorian, Alex Pajunas) Slide 23: Risk Perception: -What might your perception of the organisms shown in this video if you found them attached to an unfamilar object that washed ashore this morning? http://www.flickr.com/photos/80098236@N07/7354608318/ (Video of Lepas anatifera (Gooseneck barnacles) attached on the tsunami driven dock that landed onto Agate Beach, OR on 3/11/2011.OSU HMSC.) (Photo of Lepas on boat that landed onto Washington Coast. Washington DFG) Slide 24: Hazard and Risk Table Slide 25: Floating Docks in Misawa, Japan Prior to the Tsunami -Four floating Docks from Misawa Japan. Built in June 2008. These docks were washed out by the 3/11/2011 Japanese tsunami. Two have landed onto Oregon and Washington. Video simulation (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAAw_0LPFuM&feature=player_embedded) Slide 26: Agate Beach, Yaquina Head, Oregon -Haven’t entire communities of marine crossed the Pacific? Its possible, but this is the first documented case. Thus, biologically, this is a new discovery. The size of this dock also contributed to this Noahs ark. The dock beached close to the HMSC on a sandy bottom , high wave action–which is not great habitat for estuarine organisms. First photo of Yaquina Head from Wikipedia commons. Photo of floating dock photo taken Wednesday, June 6, 2012 and supplied by the Oregon Department of Parks and Recreation, shows a large dock that washed ashore early Tuesday on Agate Beach, a mile north of Newport, Ore. The nearly 70-foot-long dock was torn loose from a fishing port in northern Japan by last year's tsunami and drifted across thousands of miles of Pacific Ocean, a Japanese Consulate official said Wednesday. Photo: AP / AP Slide 27: Second of 4 Docks Seen off of Hawaii -Hawaii dock according to Jan's computations, dock has likely sneaked unnoticed between Oahu and Molokai. If so, it is now moving towards Philippines. Attached map is for 6% windage. Smaller windages were moving along the same trajectory but somewhat slower. Also the model may be underestimating near-shore currents. Slide 28: SEePelagic (open ocean –not invasive) barnacles and an invasive picnk barnacle (Megabalanus rosa) Slide 29: Timing and location of debris (Map of debris flow in Pacific Ocean "Hitchhikers on debris flow from the 2011 Japanese Tsunami" -Tan square represents Japanese floating dock at Agate Beach, OR. Source Jack Barth, OSU and NOAA MDP) -Recent appearance of large marine debris on the west coast is the vanguard of the tsunami debris field stretching thousands of miles, the majority currently north of Hawaii and expected to begin arriving after the fall storms of 2012 and estimated to continue circulating for years through 2015 (photo of house floating in ocean) Slide 30: Dock Dedicated June 2008 in the Fishing Port of Misawa, Japan (a fishing village). Dock only in water for 2.75 years before tsunami in March 2011 -A large dock is washed ashore off Newport, Oregon's Agate Beach on Tuesday, June 5, 2012. State parks officials say a metal plate with Japanese writing has been found attached to the dock, raising speculation it might be debris from last year's tsunami in Japan. Oregon parks spokesman Chris Havel said Wednesday a photo of the plate was emailed to the Japanese consulate in Seattle for review. MAGS OUT; ; TV OUT; LOCAL TV OUT; LOCAL INTERNET OUT; THE MERCURY OUT; WILLAMETTE WEEK OUT; PAMPLIN MEDIA GROUP OUT Photo: The Oregonian, Lori Tobias/ AP Slide 31: -A man looks at the massive dock with Japanese lettering that washed ashore on Agate Beach Wednesday, June 6, 2012, in Newport, Ore. A nearly 70-foot-long dock that floated ashore on an Oregon beach was torn loose from a fishing port in northern Japan by last year's tsunami and drifted across thousands of miles of Pacific Ocean, a Japanese Consulate official said Wednesday. Photo: Rick Bowmer/ AP -The tsunami driven dock that beached onto Agate Beach was partially submerged (note algae on the deck). This created windage or a sail that moved it along with the currents (Modeled Movement of the Marine Debris Generated by the March 2011 Japan Tsumani) Slide 32: Boat from Japanese Tsunami –Washington Coast 10 2012. -Pelagic (open ocean) gooseneck barnacles on this Japanese boat look gross, but are common to both sides of the Pacific and are not invasive. Slide 33: Noah's Ark? -Courtesy OSU Hatfield Marine Sciences Center, E. Bachus. Dock carried over 120 different species of marine organisms, most from the estuary in Japan. Heavy fouling created protected habitats for even very small organisms. In one event, we may have identified a significant portion of AIS risk from JTMD. Slide 34: What makes the discovery of a large community of organisms from Japan on the dock an important discovery?
-Haven't organisms rafted across the ocean on logs, coconut, sailing ships and perhaps even polar bears for millennia? (Images of different floating objects: coconut, ship, polar bear, logs) Slide 35: Native Oregon bull kelp forests. Undaria from the dock is a potentially fierce competitor . -Bull kelp is the dominant kelp species along the coasts of Oregon and Washington. Kelp forests provide important habitat for fish and other marine life. The invasive Undaria pinnitifida kelp grows fast and dense and can threaten our native kelp forests. photo by Steve Clabuesch -Kelp was prized early on as an ingredient in glassmaking, and extracts are now widely used in foods, cosmetics, fertilizers, agricultural feeds, and alternative medicines. To date, the great majority of harvesting has been directed at giant kelp, which tends to grow in warmer, more placid waters. The more streamlined bull kelp tends to grow in stronger currents and in waters exposed to high surf, where harvesting is difficult or dangerous. Slide 36: An entire community of marine life came from Japan on the dock that beached onto Agate Beach, Oregon. Sea anenomes, European blue mussels, Undaria kelp, invasive barnacles. Courtesy, OSU Hatfield Marine Sciences Center, Jessica Miller, (photo of multiple marine organisms) Slide 37: About 30 species of marine algae have been preliminarily identified from the dock . At least two occur in Oregon -Courtesy, OSU Hatfield Marine Sciences Center, Jessica Miller, Analipus japonicus (the brown on the left of the first pic), Ptilota filicina (the red in the 2nd pic), not yet sure of the rest but they have been sent for genetic analysis. All are from exposed coasts – and the 2 that I identified occur here in Oregon as well. Slide 38: Japanese organisms on floating dock and Agate Beach, Oregon, June 2012 -Over 100 confirmed species came with the Japanese dock Slide 39: Hitchhikers on the Japanese tsunami dock to Agate Beach, Oregon. Courtesy, OSU Hatfield Marine Sciences Center, Jessica Miller, Lepas (gooseneck barnacles and Mytilus galloprovincilias (European blue mussel) Slide 40: This photo, taken by the Oregon Park and Recreations Department Thursday, June 7, 2012, shows an exotic pink Japanese acorn barnacle attached to a dock float that washed up on Agate Beach Tuesday near Newport, Ore. State authorities are considering how to dispose of the millions of marine creatures that hitchhiked across the Pacific Ocean aboard the dock float torn loose from a Japanese fishing port by the 2011 tsunami so they will not compound the problem of invasive species. Photo: AP / AP Slide 41: Courtesy OSU Hatfield Marine Sciences Center. Organism found on the dock included sea urchins, red algae (also found in Oregon) , Pacific Northern starfish and Lepas spp. Gooseneck barnacles (which are ubiquitous and pelagic –attach during sea transit) (Photos of sea urchin, red algae, grammarid, colonial tunicate) Slide 42: Known invasive species found on the dock Photos of the following: -Undaria pinnatifida "Wakame" brown kelp algae -Hemigraspus sanguineus (Japanese shore crab) -Asterias amurensis, Northern Pacific Starfish Slide 43: Undaria pinnatifidia (“Wakame” - Brown (Kelp) Algae) with reproductively mature ruffled sporophylls. -An invasive species of high concern. (Photo: Undaria pinnitifida came with reproductive sporangia. Courtesy OSU Marine Sciences Center, E. Bachus) Slide 44: Parasites on oysters are a concern. Typically oysters must be quarantined -Courtesy OSU Marine Sciences Center Image of oyster from the dock is attached. Chris Langdon identified them as Crassostrea gigas and one individual is with a taxonomist currently. As far as I know, there has been no systematic sampling for pathogens. This is, in part, because there is no fresh tissue. I have not heard of any recent reports of oysters arriving either. Slide 45: Time lapse image of Agate Beach Oregon after the Japanese dock beached on6/5/2011. Patches of mussels start approximately 1100 to 1200 meters south of the wreck -Total of 2,252 mussels counted in a 354 meter length south of this starting point, based on GPS survey. -Surveys will continue south of this transect all the way to the north jetty. -4 distinct patches of mussels at the northern side of this transect, with intermittent scattered individual mussels beyond that. -Another large patch south of this transect that still needs to be surveyed. Slide 46: Decontaminating the Japanese dock on Agate Beach, OR.Photo/Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (Photos of people destroying the dock hitchhikers) Slide 47: Nearly 2 tons of the organisms removed from the dock were buried in the high sand dunes above Agate Beach. This is not an option in the winter when storms push waves and water tables high up. Can parasites and diseases move through ground water? Note that the sand is not anaerobic and that water is present even in the trench that was excavated. Have teachers and their student think of various disposal options (photo of construction equipment digging a trench in the sand) Slide 48: The dock was sectioned and removed at a cost of nearly $100,000. (Photo of the dock being sectioned) (Photo of a crane lifting a section of the dock off of the beach) Slide 49: Public Interest was very high on the beached dock at Agate Beach, Oregon, Tsunami debris and invasive species (Photo of people looking at and climbing on the dock) -Over 90,000 cars have stopped at Agate Beach parking area in June since the dock was reported beached on 6/5/2012 until it was removed in early August. -On a typical June, State Park pays for 3,800 gallons of water and this year the park paid for over 25,000 gallons. -(Sam Chan, OSU) Actually the tsunami debris is potentially a very significant problem because it can facilitate the arrival of all kinds of species the Pacific Northwest has not seen. Various kinds of lice and larvae could easily wipe out oysters in Tillamook Bay, salmon have not developed resistance to pests and illnesses transmitted by bacteria, kelp beds and other food sources for our fish populations could be decimated, and other forms of invasive species could do serious damage to aquatic life. Keep in mind the introduction of exotic species such as Asian carp and pythons by private businesses for sale to collectors are costing taxpayers millions of dollars to combat as they alter entire eco-systems along the Mississippi River and in the Everglades.    -And most of what is coming is not interesting stuff like floating docks. It is junk plastic, tanks with possibly toxic residues, styrofoam, and general crap totally uninteresting to beachcombers but ready to foul our beaches. Keep in mind that if only 1 percent of the 1.5 million tons of debris Japan estimates is floating in the Pacific reaches Oregon that is still 15,000 tons, dwarfing the total collected by SOLV in all the beach clean-ups it has ever organized. That is more than 1000 dump trucks of debris to be collected and disposed of. Who has the responsibility? Slide 50: -The dock generated strong public interest. How can we “seize the moment”? -What are potential engagement and educational opportunities for invasive species, ocean/earth sciences, planning, preparedness, outreach and community stewardship? (photo of People gathering during dock removal) Slide 51: 1970 Video: How not to remove marine biological debris (a whale that is) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Vmnq5dBF7Y Slide 52: Tsunami websites -Ms. Heidi Keither’s middle school science website http://mail.colonial.net/~hkaiter/tsunami.html -BBC Discover Wave of Destruction Alaska tsunami and more http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=lituya+bay+tsunami+video&view=detail&mid=31FF65D7C546C10D379331FF65D7C546C10D3793&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR&qpvt=lituya+bay+tsunami+video -1958 Lituya Bay, Alaska, Simulation http://wn.com/1958_lituya_bay_mega_tsunami -http://whyfiles.org/2011/tsunami-the-killer-wave/ Slide 53: (Posters urging people to get to high ground to escape a tsunami) Slide 54: Hazard and Risk Table